What are the main preventable etiologies for childhood death under the age of five years? According to the data compile by UNICEF, we see the following for the world: 1) Prematurity 18% 2) Pneumonia 14% 3) Birth Asphyxia 12% 4) Malaria 9% 5) Diarrhea 9% 6) Congenital anomolies 8% 7) Injuries 5% 8) Blood infections/sepsis 3% 9) Tuberculosis 3% 10) all others From a global perspective, we are on the right track as deaths have decreased significantly from 12 million in 1990 to less than 5 million annually in 2022. This is a massive improvement in global childhood health. More work to be done as pneumonia and diarrhea based death should be less than 1%. Access to clean water, clean medicines and adequate medical care could crush these issues....plus a literature review as well as an ode to mothers. Enjoy, Dr. M