This week on Womanity, Dr. Amaleya Goneos-Malka speaks with astrophysicist Dr. Kenda Knowles, Senior Research Fellow at Rhodes University and researcher at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory. She shares the story of how curiosity, resilience, and collaboration can open pathways to understanding the universe.
Stargazing the future
Dr. Knowles’ fascination with the cosmos began long before she imagined becoming a scientist. Growing up on the outskirts of Johannesburg and later KwaZulu-Natal, she had access to the kind of dark night skies that spark wonder.
Navigating choices through elimination
Her academic path was anything but predetermined. In high school, she knew mostly what she didn’t want to do. Instead of following the traditional routes expected of strong students, she gravitated toward physics because of its ability to explain how the world works. A computational physics programme at the University of KwaZulu-Natal ultimately gave her the perfect combination of scientific exploration and practical skills in computing. It was during these studies that she first encountered the groundbreaking Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, an introduction that would steer her toward radio astronomy and shape the course of her career.
Funding mechanisms make education accessible
Funding opportunities played a decisive role in enabling her journey. Through the Human Capital Development programme linked to South Africa’s radio astronomy initiatives, Dr. Knowles gained the financial support needed to pursue postgraduate research and expand her academic networks. She emphasises that such programmes are not merely financial assistance, they are essential mechanisms that unlock opportunities for talented students who otherwise might never access scientific careers.
Networks unlock opportunities
Equally important were the relationships she built along the way. Mentorship and collaboration proved pivotal, especially early in her research career. One supervisor encouraged her to explore different research directions and connected her with experts around the world, enabling her to learn specialised skills and build an international network. These collaborations, she notes, are at the heart of modern astronomy, where discoveries depend on global teams working together rather than competing in isolation.
Democratising scientific findings for global progress
A defining milestone in Dr. Knowles’ career came in 2021 when she led an international team releasing a vast dataset from the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey. The MeerKAT telescope, situated in South Africa’s Karoo desert, is one of the world’s most sensitive radio telescopes. By observing more than a hundred galaxy clusters, the survey created an unprecedented window into some of the universe’s largest gravitationally bound structures.
Galaxy clusters serve as cosmic laboratories. Studying them reveals how galaxies evolve in dense environments, how enormous magnetic fields behave across intergalactic space, and how extreme events—such as massive cluster mergers—shape the large-scale structure of the universe. By making this extensive dataset publicly available, Dr. Knowles and her colleagues ensured that researchers across the world could explore it, dramatically multiplying its scientific impact and helping democratise access to cutting-edge astronomical data.
The scale of modern astronomy also means grappling with enormous volumes of information. As observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope and future surveys begin producing data on billions of galaxies, artificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming essential tools. These technologies allow scientists to sift through vast datasets and identify unusual or transformative phenomena that might otherwise remain hidden. Yet Dr. Knowles cautions that while AI is powerful, researchers must remain thoughtful about when and how to use it—it is not always the right solution for every problem.
Building future scientists and unblocking systemic barriers
Beyond research, Dr. Knowles is deeply committed to building the next generation of scientists. She regularly speaks to school students, runs skills-development workshops, and encourages young researchers to explore opportunities such as internships and vacation projects that allow them to experience scientific research firsthand. Her message to aspiring astronomers is practical and empowering: study mathematics and physics, seek mentorship, and take initiative in exploring the field.
The conversation also explores the status of women in astronomy. While the field has made notable progress, sometimes reaching near gender parity among students, women remain underrepresented at the most senior academic levels. Dr. Knowles attributes this partly to systemic issues such as unequal administrative burdens and the challenges of balancing family responsibilities with the demanding “publish or perish” culture of academia. Addressing these barriers, she argues, requires conscious institutional change, mentorship structures, and supportive policies that allow talented women to progress in their careers.
As the interview concludes, Dr. Knowles offers a powerful piece of advice to young women and girls: don’t place yourself in a box. She recalls a formative moment when a teacher challenged her for limiting herself by believing she was only “a science student.” That conversation inspired her to push beyond those self-imposed boundaries, an experience that eventually led her to unexpected achievements, including a creative writing award in her final year of school.
Her takeaway message is: curiosity, creativity, and courage often matter more than predefined paths. By remaining open to possibilities and willing to explore beyond perceived limits, the next generation of scientists may not only discover new truths about the universe, but also new dimensions of their own potential.
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