Episodes

Gout pharmacotherapy involves more than just treating painful flare-ups. In this episode of Real Life Pharmacology, we review the most commonly used gout medications, including allopurinol, febuxostat, colchicine, probenecid, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Learn how these medications work, their indications, important adverse effects, clinically significant drug interactions, and practical prescribing pearls. We also discuss uric acid treatment goals, prevention of recurrent gout attacks, renal do...

Bisphosphonates are commonly used to treat osteoporosis, but several non-bisphosphonate osteoporosis medications can help reduce fracture risk. Pharmacists should understand the mechanisms, adverse effects, and clinical pearls associated with these alternatives. On this podcast episode, I will cover four of the most commonly used “non-bisphosphonate” osteoporosis medications. Denosumab (Prolia) is a RANKL inhibitor that decreases osteoclast activity and bone resorption. It is administered subcu...

Bisphosphonates are commonly used to prevent and treat osteoporosis, making them an important topic for pharmacy, nursing, and medical exams. In this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology Podcast, we review high-yield bisphosphonate facts and practical pearls to help you prepare for exams and improve medication management. Topics covered include: Key differences between alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronic acid Mechanism of action and how bisphosphonates reduce bone resorptio...

In this episode of Real Life Pharmacology, we take a closer look at several NSAIDs that are commonly encountered in clinical practice: nabumetone, diclofenac, meloxicam, piroxicam, etodolac, indomethacin, sulindac, and ketorolac. These medications may all belong to the same general class, but they have important differences in dosing, adverse effects, drug interactions, and clinical use. We’ll discuss which NSAIDs tend to be more COX-2 selective, which ones carry significant gastrointestinal or...

Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib are some of the most commonly used NSAIDs, but they are not interchangeable when it comes to safety, indications, and patient-specific risks. In this episode of Real Life Pharmacology, we compare these four medications and highlight the key differences pharmacists and other healthcare professionals need to know. We’ll review how NSAIDs work, including COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition, and discuss their effects on pain, inflammation, platelets, the gastroint...

On this podcast episode, I cover the basics of NSAIDs, including how they work, what they are used for, significant drug interactions, and what adverse effects are important to monitor. I’ll educate about some of the major risks associated with NSAIDs and what I look out for as a practicing pharmacist. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials B...

In this episode of Real Life Pharmacology, we’re taking a closer look at three unique opioids: tramadol, tapentadol, and meperidine. These medications have some important differences in their mechanisms, clinical uses, drug interactions, and safety concerns. We’ll review the key pharmacology and practical clinical pearls you should know when using these opioids in real-world practice. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast a...

In this episode of Real Life Pharmacology, we’re taking a closer look at two unique opioids: methadone and buprenorphine. Both medications have important roles in pain management and opioid use disorder, but their pharmacology, dosing, drug interactions, and safety considerations are quite different. We’ll review the key clinical pearls you need to know when using these medications in real-world practice. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! ...

On this podcast episode, we will explore the most important practice pearls of codeine and fentanyl. Both medications are opioids, but codeine is frequently found in combination with acetaminophen. Fentanyl has numerous unique dosage forms, including the transdermal formulation which is a source of frequent test questions. I break these two medications down in this podcast episode.

In Part 2 of my series on opioids, I cover hydromorphone, oxycodone, and oxymorphone. Hydromorphone and oxycodone are two opioids that are used frequently in clinical practice, and I will discuss what makes them unique, in addition to numerous other practice pearls and test prep nuggets. Enjoy the podcast and be sure to share it with friends, colleagues, and students! Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out Thes...

On part 1 of opioids, I’ll discuss morphine, morphine equivalents, conversion, and hydrocodone. The pharmacokinetic differences will be important between opioids, as well as the dosage forms. I hope you enjoy this podcast episode and share it with your friends! Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials ...

On this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology podcast, I’m going to cover important practice pearls on skeletal muscle relaxants. Important medications that will be covered in this podcast include baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, and diazepam. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP Study Materials BCGP Study Materials BCMTMS Study...

Abdominal cramping and intestinal spasms are common complaints in patients with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Two of the most frequently prescribed medications for these symptoms are dicyclomine and hyoscyamine. These medications work by blocking muscarinic receptors, reducing smooth muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract and helping relieve painful spasms. While these medications can be effective, they are not without risks. Because of their anticholinergic effe...

Heartburn is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints, and antacids remain a go-to option for fast symptom relief. In this episode, we’ll discuss how common antacids like calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate work to neutralize stomach acid. We’ll also review their advantages, common adverse effects, important drug interactions, and considerations for patients with kidney disease. Whether you’re a healthcare professional looking for practica...

Gastroparesis can be a frustrating condition for both patients and clinicians, with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, and poor glycemic control significantly affecting quality of life. Medication management often requires balancing effectiveness with safety, especially since many commonly prescribed drugs can either improve or worsen gastric emptying. In this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology podcast, we’ll review the medications used to treat gastroparesis, discuss...

H2 blockers may not receive as much attention as proton pump inhibitors, but they continue to play an important role in managing acid-related disorders. In this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology podcast, we’ll review how H2 blockers work, compare the available agents, discuss important adverse effects, renal dose adjustments, drug interactions, and identify the patients who are most likely to benefit from these medications. Whether you’re a pharmacist, nurse, pharmacy technician, physician, ...

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but understanding how they work is essential for using them safely and effectively. In this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology podcast, we’ll break down the pharmacology of PPIs, including their mechanism of action, common brand and generic names, clinical uses, adverse effects, drug interactions, and important monitoring considerations. Whether you’re a pharmacist, nurse, pharmacy technician, or student, this e...

On this podcast episode, I cover commonly used medications for opioid use disorder. Buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone are all potential options in OUD. I’ll discuss the pharmacology of each medication and the most common practice pearls that will show up in practice and on your board exams. Be sure to check out our free Top 200 study guide – a 31 page PDF that is yours for FREE! Support The Podcast and Check Out These Amazing Resources! NAPLEX Study Materials BCPS Study Materials BCACP ...

Naltrexone is often a first-line medication for AUD. It works as an opioid receptor antagonist, reducing the rewarding effects of alcohol and decreasing cravings. Patients frequently report that alcohol becomes less pleasurable while taking the medication. Oral naltrexone is typically dosed at 50 mg daily, while a long-acting injectable formulation is also available. Avoid use in patients taking opioids and use caution in significant liver dysfunction. Acamprosate helps maintain abstinence by m...

In this episode, we explore monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), one of the oldest yet most effective classes of antidepressants. We discuss how MAOIs such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, and selegiline work by increasing serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels in the brain. The episode reviews their unique role in treatment-resistant and atypical depression, key adverse effects, important dietary considerations involving tyramine-containing foods, and potentially serious ...

I cover the most important insomnia medications. We cover adverse effects, drug monitoring, and much more. You can find the full 16+ hour nursing pharmacology review course, including PDF handouts, cheat sheets, practice questions, and on-demand videos at meded101.com!

In this episode, we explore four unique antidepressants that do not fit neatly into the traditional SSRI or SNRI categories: trazodone, nefazodone, vilazodone, and vortioxetine. Trazodone and nefazodone are classified as serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs), working primarily through blockade of 5-HT2 receptors while also inhibiting serotonin reuptake. Trazodone’s strong antihistamine and alpha-1 blocking properties make it highly sedating and commonly used off-label for insomnia...

In this section, I educate about the most common ICU sedation medications. You can find the full 16+ hour nursing pharmacology review course, including PDF handouts, cheat sheets, practice questions, and on-demand videos at meded101.com!

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressants that increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain. Common agents include venlafaxine (Effexor XR), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), levomilnacipran (Fetzima), and milnacipran (Savella). In addition to treating depression and anxiety disorders, several SNRIs have important pain indications, making them especially useful in patients with neuropathy, fibromyalgia, or chronic musculoskele...