Despite the religious overtones of the caliphate, there was nothing very islamic about the state when it came to policy. The inquisition marked the...
Considering their invincibility on the battlefield, the caliphate’s armies probably felt assured that they would remain the state’s number one priority....
For the first time in Arab history, a council of administrators selected the man who would become the next caliph. The umma had come a long way since...
Despite the general unpopularity of al Mu’tasim’s Turkish inner-circle, the paradigm he established proved so stable that it endured throughout...
Al Mu’tasim’s armies were among the strongest ever fielded by the caliphate. They reliably triumphed over their foes and faced no problems putting...